Kidney and ureteric stones can cause colicky pain, blood in the urine, nausea, urinary obstruction and infection. The correct treatment depends on stone size and location, obstruction, infection, kidney function, symptoms and previous treatment.
Ultrasound is commonly useful as an initial investigation. CT may be recommended when more detailed information is needed and is clinically appropriate. Laboratory testing may also be required, particularly when infection or impaired kidney function is suspected.
Some stones can pass without a procedure, while others are more likely to require intervention. PCNL and URS are established endourological approaches for selected stones; DJ stenting or PCN may be used when urinary drainage is needed.
Fever or chills with suspected obstruction, severe uncontrolled pain, inability to pass urine, significant deterioration or other concerning symptoms can require urgent medical assessment.
Bring previous ultrasound/CT reports, urine and blood tests, medication lists and any prior stone procedure records.
After a stone episode, prevention depends on the likely stone type, fluid intake, diet, metabolic risk factors and recurrence history.
Treatment decisions are individualized after appropriate clinical assessment.
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