PCNL is a minimally invasive procedure in which kidney stones are accessed through a small tract through the skin. It is generally considered for selected larger, complex or otherwise unsuitable-for-URS kidney stones.
The decision depends on stone burden, location, anatomy, infection status, kidney function, previous procedures and available imaging.
Before treatment, patients may need urine testing, blood tests and imaging. Active urinary infection should be recognized and treated appropriately before stone intervention.
After the procedure, temporary drainage such as a nephrostomy tube or ureteric stent may be used depending on the case.
PCNL can achieve effective clearance for selected larger kidney stones while avoiding a large open incision.
Bleeding, infection, residual stone, injury to surrounding structures and need for additional procedures are possible risks.
Follow-up imaging and treatment planning depend on the stone burden and clinical course.
Treatment decisions are individualized after appropriate clinical assessment.
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