Urological cancers include cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate and male genital organs. Symptoms can overlap with benign conditions, so diagnosis often requires appropriate imaging, laboratory testing, endoscopy and/or tissue diagnosis.
Blood in the urine can be an important warning sign of urinary tract disease. Persistent urinary symptoms, abnormal imaging, a concerning prostate assessment or a testicular mass may also require specialist evaluation.
Treatment depends on the cancer type, stage, grade, location, patient health and available multidisciplinary options. A specialist consultation helps determine the next diagnostic step.
TURBT may be used to obtain tissue and treat selected bladder tumours endoscopically.
PSA and prostate examination are interpreted together; elevated PSA has several possible causes.
Kidney masses require characterization with appropriate imaging and specialist assessment.
Treatment decisions are individualized after appropriate clinical assessment.
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