Prostate enlargement is common with aging, but lower urinary tract symptoms can also have other causes. Assessment helps distinguish BPH from infection, urethral narrowing, bladder dysfunction and other conditions.
Evaluation may include history, physical examination, urine testing, prostate assessment and selected PSA or imaging tests depending on age, symptoms and clinical context.
Treatment ranges from lifestyle measures and medicines to procedures for selected patients. TURP is one established endoscopic treatment for appropriately selected men with bothersome obstruction.
Weak stream, hesitancy, intermittency, frequency, urgency, nocturia and incomplete emptying can occur with BPH.
Acute or chronic inability to empty the bladder needs prompt medical assessment and may require bladder drainage.
PSA is interpreted in context; an elevated value does not automatically mean prostate cancer.
Treatment decisions are individualized after appropriate clinical assessment.
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